The Anatomy of an adaptive multimedia presentation system

The use of multimedia presentations within learning environments is described and guidelines for the design of good E-Learning systems are identified. It is argued that a linear sequential presentation of knowledge segments is effective, but that the user is provided with optional links to relevant segments during the presentation. The synchronisation of multiple media is considered and the design of a prototype E-Learning system is discussed. The segmentation of material is then discussed and how the information can be stored in a data repository consider with respect to the requirement of accessing linked segments. Finally, the nature of adaptivity is discussed leading to a discussion of the salient parts of an adaptive multimedia presentation system

Requirements for an Adaptive Multimedia Presentation System with Contextual Supplemental Support Media

Investigations into the requirements for a practical adaptive multimedia presentation system have led the writers to propose the use of a video segmentation process that provides contextual supplementary updates produced by users. Supplements consisting of tailored segments are dynamically inserted into previously stored material in response to questions from users. A proposal for the use of this technique is presented in the context of personalisation within a Virtual Learning Environment. During the investigation, a brief survey of advanced adaptive approaches revealed that adaptation may be enhanced by use of manually generated metadata, automated or semi-automated use of metadata by stored context dependent ontology hierarchies that describe the semantics of the learning domain. The use of neural networks or fuzzy logic filtering is a technique for future investigation. A prototype demonstrator is under construction

Development of a data model for an Adaptive Multimedia Presentation System (AMPS)

We investigate the requirements and nature of data models for a multimedia learning system that presents adaptable learning objects based on a range of stimuli provided by the student and tutor. A conceptual model is explored together with a proposal for an implementation using the well-known relational data model. We also investigate how to describe the learning objects in the form of hierarchical subject ontology. An ontological calculus is created to allow knowledge metrics to be constructed for evaluation within data models. We further consider the limitations of the relational abstract data model to accurately represent the meaning and understanding of learning objects and contrast this with less structured data models implicit in ontological hierarchies. Our findings indicate that more consideration is needed into how to match traditional data models with ontological structures, especially in the area of database integrity constraints

Difficulties in evaluating public engagement initiatives: reflections on an evaluation of the UK GM Nation? public debate about transgenic crops

In the realm of risk management, and policy-making more generally, “public engagement” is often advocated as an antidote to pathologies associated with traditional methods of policy-making, and associated deficit-model-driven communication strategies. The actual benefits of public engagement are, however, difficult to establish without thorough evaluation of specific engagement processes. Unfortunately, rigorous evaluation is difficult, and, perhaps for this reason, it has rarely been undertaken. In this paper we highlight a number of these difficulties in the light of our experiences in evaluating a major engagement initiative, namely the GM Nation? publice debate on the possible commercialization of transgenic crops, which took place in Britain in 2003. The difficulties we identify seem likely to be relevant to many, if not most, engagement evaluations. They are concerned with both theoretical/normative (how one should evaluate) and practical (how one does evaluate) issues. We suggest a number of possible solutions to these evaluation difficulties

Reciprocity and critical reflection as the key to social justice in service learning: a case study

Service-learning is experiential education that encourages students as socially responsible and active citizens working in and with members of the community. We consider how these ideas illuminate the ambitions of a unique service-learning opportunity known as ‘Converge,’ a university partnership with a healthcare provider that brings together students and users of mental health services in a variety of educational activities. We are particularly concerned in this article to address the criticism that service learning can exploit marginalised groups for the benefit of student education. We propose that reciprocal relationships which challenge established ideas and practices, together with engaging students in critical and informed analysis are key components in ensuring that service learning is socially just

Diversity of large woody lignophytes preceding the extinction of Archaeopteris: new data from the middle Tournaisian of Thuringia (Germany)

International audienceAnatomically preserved axes representing three lignophyte species occur in the middle Tournaisian deposit of Kahlleite in Thuringia. One is characterized by a small oval eustele, short uniseriate rays, and alternate distichous phyllotaxy. It is assigned to the progymnosperm genus Protopitys. The two others share a eustelic primary vascular system comprising a parenchymatous pith and numerous xylem strands in a peripheral position. The secondary xylem comprises rays that are mostly uniseriate and rarely exceed 20 cells in height. One is referred to as Eristophyton sp.; the second, characterized by ray cells showing a wide range of sizes and shapes is assigned to Aporoxylon primigenium. These records extend the stratigraphical range of Protopitys and Eristophyton down to the middle Tournaisian and confirm their great longevity through most of the Mississippian. They suggest that the diversity of putative arborescent lignophytes co-occurring with Archaeopteris around the D/C boundary but surviving successfully above this limit has been underestimated